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网球拍与网线术语
发布时间：2009-08-25
Racquet & String Terms
球拍和球线的一些术语
球拍和球线的一些术语
Here is a list of terms that are used throughout our website (and a few that aren't), along with their definitions. If you have any questions or comments, please drop us a note at info@tennis-warehouse.com
这里有一系列我们网站经常定义一些东西时使用的术语（当然，有一些不是）。
Actual Tension: The tension in a strung racquet, which will almost always be lower than the machine setting, or reference tension. This is due (mostly) to string relaxation, or creep. As a result, a racquet strung at 60 pounds may actually measure (with a Stringmeter) 50-55 pounds, depending on head size, type of string and machine type used.
实际张力：球拍上的真实张力基本上总是比你用穿线机所穿磅数要低一些。这是由于网线会自然的松懈，慢慢失去张力。这样就会造成一种结果，一个上了60磅的线也许真正测量时（用网线测力计），才50-55磅之间，具体多少这要由球拍拍面大小，球线种类，和穿线机的型号来决定了。
Balance: Static measure of weight distribution in a racquet and measured from the butt end in inches and/or centimeters. Commonly referenced in "points" head light or head heavy - each "point" represents 1/8 inch. Generally speaking, heavier racquets are head light to maintain maneuverability, while most of today's super-light racquets are head heavy to supply enough mass (which translates into power) to the area of the frame where the ball is being contacted. A 27 inch racquet with a balance point of 12-1/2 inches is 1 inch, or 8 points head light (even balance would be 13-1/2 inches). A 28 inch racquet with a balance point of 15 inches is 1 inch (or 8 points) head heavy. Static balance ultimately affects swingweight (see below), which is a dynamic measure of racquet maneuverability.
平衡：静态测量球拍的质量分布，然后从拍头以英寸或者厘米来测量。最后的结果由多少pts头轻或者头重来表示——每1个pts是1/8英寸。一般来说，重的球拍一般是头轻的，这样可以获得更大的机动性，而当今一些非常轻的球拍选择了头重，这样可以给拍框提供更大的力量去回击来球。一个长27英寸的平衡为12-1/2inches是一英寸，或者说8pts头轻（平衡拍的平衡应该是13-1/2 inches）一个28英寸的球拍平衡标为15inches，那么是一英寸（或者8pts）头重。静态的平衡基本上影响到了一个决定球拍机动性的重要因素——挥重（见下面），
Cross-Section: The width/diameter of a frame or string. Usually measured in millimeters. Frames - a wider cross-section frame will be stiffer than a thinner frame, all things being equal (ATBE). Strings - a thicker cross-section string will be more durable than a thinner string, ATBE.
横线部分：拍框宽度和球线直径经常由毫米来作为测量标准。宽的拍框要比窄的拍框硬，一切都是平等的。粗的线要比细的耐打。
Damping (or Dampening): Generally refers to vibration and/or shock damping. Handle systems, such as Prince's Air+ Comfort Handle, Wilson's Triad Technology with Iso.Zorb and Head's ShockStop are designed to reduce frame shock and vibration before they reach the player's hand. Weight is also effective in decreasing shock and vibration. Rubber string dampers reduce string vibration only - they have no effect on frame shock or vibration (it's simple physics - a 2 gram string damper versus a 250-350 gram racquet striking a 60 gram ball...).
阻尼：可以理解为振动。手柄部分，例如as Prince's Air+ Comfort手柄，
Wilson's Triad Technology with Iso.Zorb手柄，Head's ShockStop手柄的设计，都是为了减小拍框振动，避免把振动传到选手的手上。重量也会影响到减低振动和翻拍。橡胶的避震器只能减小球线的振动，但是并不能减小球拍的振动。
Drill Flash: Debris that falls into the frame as a result of drilling the string holes. All racquet companies attempt to remove this debris during production and most racquets are drill flash-free. However, even the smallest amount of debris can cause an irritating rattle. Some racquets feature a trap door on the butt cap to allow easy removal of drill flash. Otherwise, the strings and grommets must be removed and the drill flash shaken out through the string holes.
瞬间钻孔：当给球拍打线孔时，碎片很容易落进拍框的中空的芯中。所有的网球拍制造企业都尝试在生产过程中通过某种途径不产生这些碎片，所以很多球拍都采用瞬间钻孔技术。然而，就算是很微小的碎片也会产生令人恼怒的连续短促的尖锐的声音。一些球拍有一个可以打开的手柄底盖，它可以容易的清除拍框内侧残留的钻孔碎片。否则那些碎片只能通过将球线和护线管弄下，然后从穿线孔中倒出。
Elasticity: Oft used term to describe a string's stretchiness and comfort. In strings, the ability of a string or web of strings to return to it's original position after ball contact. Factors that influence this include string material, construction, gauge and tension. Over time, strings lose tension and elasticity, making them play dead and requiring more effort from the player.
弹性：我们经常用这个术语去描述网线的弹力和舒适度。作为球线，他的作用就是回击对方的来球。影响弹性的因素有：网线材料、结构、直径和张力。网线拉上放置很长时间会掉磅同时失去弹性，使得使用者不得不多费力量去使用球拍。
First Moment: Also known as "pick-up" weight. How a racquet feels when picked up by the handle end. A rough, static measure of a racquet's maneuverability based on weight and balance. The formula to calculate a racquet's first moment is weight (grams) multiplied by balance (measured from the butt end in centimeters), divided by 100. Example: 284 grams (10 ounces) X 34 centimeters (13-1/2 inches) /100 = 96.5 gram/meters.
First Moment：也就是买来时拿起的质量——当用手拿住手柄时感觉的质量。一个粗略的关于机动性的测量是基于质量和平衡的。一个测量First Moment的公式是：质量X平衡（从拍柄底部以厘米计算）/100。例子：284g X34cm /100=96.5g/m
Grip Size: Standard tennis grip sizes range from 4-1/8 to 4-5/8 inches. The accepted method for measuring your grip size is to hold the handle with an Eastern forehand grip (palm on the same bevel as the strings). The optimum grip size would allow you to fit your index finger between the palm and longest finger. Player preference obviously allows for exceptions to this rule. While many "experts" suggest using the largest comfortable grip size, keep in mind it's easier to increase handle size. In fact, most of today's racquet handles cannot be reduced in size. If you're between grip sizes, go with the smaller size and add an overgrip or have the grip built up with a heat-shrink sleeve.
手柄大小：标准的手柄大小范围在4-1/8 到 4-5/8 英寸。测量你手柄大小方法是：以西方式正手握拍，如果能在4指中最长的手指与大拇指间还能放一根手指，那么着就是最佳的手柄大小。选手们显然喜欢颠覆这一规则，同时专家建议使用最大的舒适的手柄，不过要记住，增大手柄是容易的。事实上，当今的大部分球拍的手柄大小是缩小不了的。如果你的手在两个手柄号码之间，保守起见用小的那号，然后缠一层手胶或者缠一个heat-shrink sleeve.
Gauge: Standard U.S. measure of string thickness. Most tennis strings are 15-17 gauge, with a few specialty strings being 18-20 gauge. The higher the gauge number, the thinner the string and typically measured in millimeters. Half-gauges are represented by the letter L, for "light". A 15L is between a 15 and 16 gauge. Thinner strings offer greater feel, power and spin potential than a thicker string of the same material and construction. Although the Tennis Industry Association has standardized gauge specifications, don't assume that all 16 gauge strings (or 17 or 18...) are created equal. One company's 16 gauge string may measure 1.28 mm, while another will measure 1.32 mm, which represents almost a half gauge difference
Gauge：美国测量网线粗细的标准。大多数网线是15-17gauge，一些特殊的线有18-20gauge的。Gauge数越大，线就越细，一般粗细用毫米来测量。半gauges用L来表示，代表light。15L的线在15-16gauge间。在同样的材料结构下，细的线比粗的线可以提供更好的手感、力量和旋转。尽管网球协会对gauge的规格有一定标准，但是不要认为所有的16gauge的线（17，18。。。。）是相同粗细的。一个公司的16gauge的线可能是1.28mm，然而另一个公司的可能就是1，32mm，他们几乎相差半个gauge.
Head Size: Refers to size of strung area of a racquet and usually measured in square inches. A larger head size provides more power and a larger sweetspot, while a smaller headsize gives you more control, ATBE. Although no industry standard exists, the current unofficial classifications are:
Head Size
Square Inches
Square Centimeters
Midsize:
85-92
548 - 593
Midplus:
93-105
594-677
Oversize (OS):
106-115
678-741
Super OS:
116+
742+
Midsize:
Midplus:
Oversize (OS):
Super OS:
拍面大小：它代表网球拍球线的总面积，一般用平方英寸来测量。大的拍面提供更大的力量和甜点，小的拍面可以给你提供更多的控制。虽然没有官方的标准，但是目前市场上的拍面分为这些类
Hybrid Strings: The combination of any two string types or gauges - one for the mains and one for the crosses. Kevlar hybrids are the most common, combining durable Kevlar (the stuff bulletproof vests are made from) mains with nylon crosses. Designed as a last resort for chronic string breakers. We strongly urge trying thicker nylon strings or polyester strings before switching to a Kevlar hybrid, due to its extreme stiffness and lack of power.
子母线：两种不同的线分别当横线和竖线的组合称为子母线。凯夫拉复合线是最常见的，具有良好耐久性的凯夫拉做主线，尼龙线做横线。这是对string breakers的最好设计。我们强烈建议使用粗的尼龙线或者聚酯纤维线先代替凯夫拉做子母线，适应后再换凯夫拉，因为凯夫拉太硬而且缺少力量。
Polar Moment of Inertia: The property that determines how stable a racquet is on off-center hits, including its resistance to twisting and the sweetspot size from side to side (3 and 9 o'clock). Also known as a racquet's "twist weight". A racquet with a larger polar moment will be more resistant to twisting on off-center hits. Racquets with wider heads will have larger polar moments of inertia. Oversize racquets generally have a larger polar moment and thus resist twisting better than their midplus counterparts. Polar moment of inertia can be increased by adding weight at 3 and 9 o'clock, using the largest comfortable grip size and replacing worn grips regularly. Keep in mind, any weight addition will also change the racquet's balance and swingweight.
惯性力矩：一般决定球拍稳定性好坏的是在非甜点区击打球的感觉，包括抵制翻拍的情况和甜点的大小。这也被称为“翻拍质量”。如果一个球拍有大的惯性力矩，那么当击打非甜点球时不容易翻拍。宽大的拍头的惯性力矩比较大。大拍面的球拍一般惯性力矩比较大，因此对于同一个人来说，大拍面的拍子相对于中加拍面的拍子而言更容易抵制翻拍的发生。增加惯性力矩的方法是在3点和9点间增加质量，或者使用大的舒适的手柄并经常更换磨坏的柄皮。记住，只要增加质量，就会改变球拍的平衡和挥重。
Reference Tension: The tension a racquet is strung at, or machine tension, which is always higher than Actual Tension. Continuous pull machines (electric, electronic and dropweight) will generally string tighter (5-10%) than a lockout (spring tension) machine, ATBE.
参考拉力：球拍上线的磅数，或者说机器上线的磅数，一般比实际的磅数要高。不间断拉线的穿线机（电动的，电子的或dropweight）要比手工穿线机穿的磅数高5~10%
Resilience: A commonly used term to describe string responsiveness. Similar to elasticity, a more resilient string is more responsive or lively, providing greater ball speed or power. Specifically, resilience is the speed at which a string (or web of strings in a strung racquet) return to their original position after contacting the ball. Over time, strings lose their resilience, returning less energy to the ball. This loss of resilience causes the strings to play "dead".
Resilience：一个常见的描述网线的弹性的术语。一个弹性好的网线可以提供更多的具有进攻性的回球，提供更快的速度和力量。确切的说，resilience是当球击打到网线后，网线变形到恢复到正常状态的速度。球拍用久后，resilience会失去，回球也就缺乏力道了。只要网线失去了resilience,网线就毫无用处了。
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